More evidence that states should focus on market-oriented solutions to environmental problems.

California’s leaders like to think of themselves as setting an example for the country. Their first-in-the-nation ban on single-use plastic bags certainly led the way — although it functions more as a cautionary tale than a model of prudence.

Dog owners might find it convenient to have flimsy bags around, but most people see them as a nuisance. Bags that take centuries to decompose can clog drainage systems and contaminate water treatment facilities while also contributing to ocean pollution. And microplastics from shredded bags pose serious health risks. 

Yet, as is so often the case, California’s attempt at addressing the problem only made it worse. The 2014 ban prohibited grocery stores from selling plastic bags unless they were comprised of thicker material that made them reusable. This reduced the number of flimsy plastic bags but allowed manufacturers to sell thicker ones. They were supposedly reusable, but consumers typically threw them out quickly. In 2021, Californians trashed 50 percent more plastic bags, by weight, than they had when the ban passed. 

The law’s permittance of “recyclable” bags also encouraged manufacturers to add a “chasing arrows” logo on the thick-walled bags. But most recycling plants in the state can’t process the bags, meaning operators have had to remove them to avoid gumming up their machinery. 

The state has been dealing with these unintended consequences for years. Last year, it passed legislation to expand its ban to all plastic bags regardless of thickness. That goes into effect next year. This week the state also secured $1.7 million in settlements with four plastic bag producers, which it accused of deceiving the public with claims about recyclability.

Plenty of states have been able to reduce plastic bag usage without burdensome regulations. Rather than trying to remove unwanted products from the market, which only encourages companies to seek work-arounds, they’ve implemented small fees on bag usage. These micro-taxes, while not ideal, can nudge consumers effectively. D.C.’s 5-cent bag tax, implemented in 2010, reduced plastic bag usage by more than 70 percent. 

The market is usually best left on its own to solve people’s problems. But in the rare cases that require the state to step in, it’s best done with a light touch that lets people make up their own minds as much as possible. 

Source: https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2025/10/23/california-plastic-bag-ban-unintended-consequences/